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KMID : 0897520130180020098
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Journal of Korean Association of Social Psychiatry
2013 Volume.18 No. 2 p.98 ~ p.105
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The Inter-Relationships of Spirituality, Ego-Resilience,and Psychological Well-being among Undergraduate Students
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Lee Chang-Seok
Lee Jung-Sik
Choi Sun
Kim Seo-Hyeon
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Abstract
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Objectives : Social interest in quality of life has increased, substantially in recent years. Many studies reporting on psychological well-being have emerged in the current social atmosphere. Spirituality and ego-resilience are several of many factors that affect psychological well-being. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being and to determine how they might affect each other.
Methods : This study was performed with 293 undergraduate students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Daejeon, South Korea. Subjects were evaluated using spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being scales. The scale measuring spirituality was composed of 6 subscales, each consisting of 5 items. These subscales covered the following aspects: the meaning and purpose of life, inner resources, connectedness, transcendence, awareness, and compassion. The ego-resilience scale, which included 29 questions, contained 4 subscales on, confidence, efficacy in interpersonal relations, optimistic attitudes, and anger regulation. A higher score on the scale meant a higher degree of ego-resilience. Six subscales assessing self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth comprised the psychological well-being scale. The score obtained on this 46-item scale reflect one’s level of psychological well-being. In the present study, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows 18.0, and data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis in order to ascertain the correlations between variables. Additionally, an independent samples t-test was conducted in order to confirm whether these variables are affected by gender and a 3-step multiple regression analysis was run to identify the mediating effect of ego-resilience.
Results : Spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being were statistically significantly correlated with each other. The correlation between ego-resilience and psychological well-being was especially strong (r=0.717, p＜0.05). The results of the multiple regression analysis were as follows: spirituality significantly explained ego-resilience (β=0.542, p＜0.001) in the first step, and significantly predicted psychological well-being (β=0.656, p＜0.001) in the second, in the third step of the analysis, ego-resilience significantly explained psychological well-being, even when the effect of spirituality on psychological well-being was statistically controlled (β=0.512, p＜0.001). Further, the effect of spirituality on psychological well-being was decreased in the third step (β=0.378, p＜0.001), compared with its strength in the second (β=0.656, p＜0.001). To elaborate on these results, ego-resilience showed a partial mediating effect on the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being, therefore, psychological well-being had a higher explanatory power when spirituality and ego-resilience were both considered together, rather than spirituality alone.
Conclusion : This study elucidated the relationships between spirituality, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being among undergraduate students in South Korea, and revealed the specific mediating effect of ego-resilience. To improve psychological well-being, it is necessary to develop programs like the Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) that promote spirituality along with factors contributing towards greater ego-resilience.
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KEYWORD
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Spirituality, Psychological well-being, Ego-resilience, Mediating effect
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